A living system has a complex and accurate regulation system with intelligent sensor-processor-effector components to enable the release of vital bioactive substances on demand at a specific site and time. Stimuli-responsive polymers mimic biological systems in a crude way where an external stimulus results in a change in conformation, solubility, or alternation of the hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance, and consequently release of bioactive substances. Here we aim to apply electrospinning to generate biomimetic nanofibers that are responsive to different stimuli, such as temperature, pH, light, and electric/magnetic field for biosensing and on-demand therapeutic delivery.