Inspired by the nanoscale features at cellular surface components (e.g.,microvilli and filopodia) and fibrillar structured extracellular matrix (ECM), there have been significant researches devoted to the study of the interactions between live cells and nanostructured materials that share similar dimensions with cellular surface components and ECM.

Of the many methods for fabricating fibers with micrometer and nanometer diameters, electrospinning is simplest, most straightforward and cost-effective. Fibers are produced by forcing a polymer melt or solution through a spinneret in the presence of a high electric field. This approach becomes particularly powerful when remarkable features such as very large surface area to volume ratio and pore sizes in nano range offered by the nanofibers are combined with unique chemical, physical, and mechanical functionalisation provided by adding other components with ease and control.