Carbon fixation by autotrophs is the major biochemical gateway to the organic world. The utilization of one-carbon compounds such as CO₂ and methane (accounting for 76% and 16% of total GHG emission), have been recently drawing attention as a low-cost, abundant feedstock for biochemical production. The project aims to create a synthetic autotroph Saccharomyces cerevisiae, allowing it to utilize methanol and CO₂ for biochemical synthesis of alka(e)nes, reducing dependence on traditional feedstocks like sugars. This not only addresses climate change by transforming CO₂ but also enhances sustainability by repurposing one-carbon compounds.  Our objectives include engineering S. cerevisiae into a more sustainable platform where the recombinant S. cerevisiae can use methanol as ATP and reducing power source, and CO₂ as carbon source for biomass production. The new CO₂-pixation pathway should enable S. cerevisiae to grow with CO₂ as sole carbon source, and further provide flux of acetyl-CoA for source for fatty acids and alkanes synthesis as useful products.

I have a bachelor’s degree in biotechnology and a master’s degree in Biological and Chemical Engineering from Aarhus University (2018-2023). I did my master thesis and my bachelor project in Prof. Zheng Guo’s group where I cloned and characterized a novel bacterial laccase and proved its ability to degrade PE plastic and various textile dyes.  

Reducing emissions in aviation is unavoidable in order to reach the Paris goals and can be supported by e. g. sustainable aviation fuels (SAF). Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a thermochemical processing technology that has been receiving increased interest to produce sustainable fuels from biomass. HTL bio‑crude is the desired product which can be upgraded and therefore be used as drop‑in fuel or SAF. The ambition of the Horizon Europe project CIRCULAIR is to produce carbon negative aviation fuels from manure and straw. A potential treatment method for the HTL process water (PW) is Wet Oxidation (WO) –suitable for wastewater streams with high organic load at similar process conditions like HTL. During the oxidation of the soluble organics in PW, CO₂ is formed which can be combined with the CO₂ stream produced in the main HTL process. The current PhD project has a key role in the overall CIRCULAIR process chain by investigating the WO process of HTL‑PW in continuous flow reactor in detail. The focus will be on heat integration of HTL and WO, sustaining both systems in autothermal mode with the excess oxidation reaction heat. Furthermore, HTL‑WO gas phase composition will be analyzed to utilize it with hydrogen from electrolysis for methanol synthesis.

Livestock manure methane emissions account for roughly 20% of the agricultural sector's CO2 emissions. Current estimation methods, based on simple calculations involving volatile solids and temperature, work well for regional and average assessments but prove inadequate at the farm level due to variations in manure management and local conditions. Recent observations have highlighted significant emission differences even among seemingly similar pig farms, revealing gaps in our understanding of the factors affecting methane emissions. Microbiological activity and organic matter degradability are considered crucial, raising concerns about emission inventory accuracy. The Anaerobic Biodegradation Model (ABM) aims to predict farm-specific methane emissions by considering evolving methanogen populations and manure characteristics. However, the model's effectiveness relies on accurate input parameters, particularly the dynamic methanogen population and organic matter hydrolysis rates. Therefore, it is essential to measure these properties and establish correlations with methane emissions and farm management practices to refine ABM's algorithms and parameterization.

My task is: i): Methods for degradation measurement developed. ii): Degradation rates determined iii): Feed correlation analysis completed.

Recent research has revealed that cells are affected by their surroundings and structural changes around them. However, it is not completely understood how this plays out. This project intends to delve into the intricate interaction between cellular response and mechanical cues.

Utilizing Jens Vinge Nygaard's biomaterial, the project examines the impact of structural alterations on cell behavior. Mathematical models, acting as blueprints, are being developed to digitally represent these environments, aiding predictions of cell behavior through computational models. 3D and 2D images are used to create these blueprints. Techniques such as stereology, stochastic geometry, and biomechanics are integrated to identify the biomaterial traits. This approach not only seeks to validate existing theories but also push the boundaries of understanding how cells react to their mechanical surroundings, which is of high importance in stem cell engineering.

This project focuses on understanding and interfering with the molecular events in immunological diseases. Several immune-mediated diseases are triggered or fueled by molecules which are recognized by the adaptive or innate immune system and thereby induce strong, potentially harmful responses.
The use of therapeutic antibodies has been a game changer in manifold diseases and has the potential to address future societal needs for healthy living. Molecular synergism might improve performance and broaden the scope of the concept.
In this interdisciplinary project, I will explore novel and unorthodox prevention and treatment strategies based on bi- and multi-specific molecular engagers that enable efficient trapping of target molecules and allow for inhibiting immediate immune reactions. In recent years, the concept of using single domain antibodies (nanobodies) as therapeutic building blocks has gained ground. Hence, I will develop and characterize novel nanobodies and use them for the design of advanced, multi-specific formats that have the capability for ultra-high blocking activity combined with enhanced effector functions compared to conventional antibodies. These formats might enable overcoming the risk of severe immune reactions in the individual patient.

Ammonia is an important chemical raw material and the main hydrogen energy carrier. It is synthetized by the reaction between H₂ and N₂. However, presently, most H₂ used in ammonia production comes from fossil fuels through steam reforming, leading to a substantial carbon footprint. The electrolysis of water using the excess energy of renewable sources, such as wind or solar, has been known to be a promising route to produce “renewable” or “green” H₂, and therefore, green ammonia. However, the fluctuations of the renewable power sources pose a significant intermittency and instability to the green ammonia production process. Studying the transient behavior of the process variables is essential to maintain a stable and safe operation. In this thesis, the dynamic modelling of the latest generation of high-temperature pressurized solid oxide electrolyzer cell (SOEC) reactor integrated with the dynamic simulation of the green ammonia process plant will be conducted. Firstly, a dynamic reactor model will be developed for the new emerging SOEC technology in Aspen Custom Modeler, as a standalone block, to account for the dynamics of electrochemistry, energy, and mass balance of the working fluids in the SOEC reactor. The SOEC reactor model will be verified against the experimental data. The verified SOEC reactor model will then be integrated into a dynamic ammonia production (Haber-Bosch) process model in Aspen Plus to study the detailed transient operation of the green ammonia process plant. Additionally, optimization will be conducted on the plant components capacity and configuration including H₂ storage, batteries, thermal storage, air separation, and thermal integration of the exchangers network with high-temperature SOEC reactor with the aim of a more stable ammonia production. It is hopefully expected that the current research can put a step forward to a better understanding of the dynamic operation bottlenecks and basic design of the dynamic renewable-energy-powered ammonia process plant integrated with the developing SOEC technology and can significantly contribute to the systems level techno-economic analysis by giving clear insights on the process plant flexibility assumptions and estimations.

Project is related to research in a radically new energy conversion and storage concept that combines water electrolysis and battery storage into one single hybrid technology using soluble redox mediators as storage vectors. The ultimate goal of the project is to solve some of the fundamental challenges of the technology, make lab-scale proof-of-concept demonstration and pave the way for future upscaling/realisation of the technology. If successful the project is a potential game-changer within cost-efficient electricity storage and hydrogen production.

My research focus is enhanced biogas production from lignocellulosic compounds in a methanogenic-aerobic-methanogenic (MAMB) switching system which poses a part of BioMan project titled Enhanced biogas production and antimicrobial removal from manure. It is claimed that the anaerobic-aerobic-anaerobic switch involving a shift from suspended methanogenic biomass to aerobic biofilm might be favorable for biogas production and will lead to increased biological hydrolysis of recalcitrant lignocellulosic material and make that available for biogas production.

During my project I will work to estimate an optimal operational parameters of biogas production e.g. reactor temperature, hydraulic residence time and aeration rate as well as lab digester type to create the most optimal conditions for enhanced biogas production. The appropriate combination of parameters will support aerobic transfer of cellulose and lignin as a recalcitrant material to short fatty acids (SCFA) for utilization for successive methane production in MAMB switching system. The best combination of the parameters will be selected and implicated into the project. Additionally, the gas composition in the aerobic steps will be investigated for nitrogen emission monitoring.

As a part of my project is an external stay and cooperation with Gent University in Belgium. During my stay, it is planned to work about advanced nitrogen management and ammonia stripping as well as to explore the processes in aerobic steps in terms of N₂O production and impact on greenhouse gasses.

All these efforts will support the green transition by enhance regenerative economy by green energy production from wastes and reducing greenhouse gas emission to the atmosphere.

The project will be supervised by Senior Researcher Henrik Bjarne Møller and co-supervised by Professor Kai Bester.

The novel electrically heated steam methane reformer (eSMR) technology offers a route to a practical zero-emission chemical plant with complete carbon utilization. This could be a key enabling factor for realizing sustainable chemicals production from biogas. Specifically, the technology offers a prospective feasible route for bio-methanol production where the synergy of CO2 and CH4 of the biogas feedstock is utilized in full. Recently, an early stage demo of the process has been obtained in pilot scale in an ongoing collaboration between Haldor Topsoe A/S, Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering - Aarhus University and others. However, many questions remain as to how the process can be applied optimally.

The goal of this project is to investigate the optimum operating condition for converting the biogas to methanol at pilot scale and increase the technology readiness level toward commercialization of such process. In this regard, the proposed objectives are as follow:
1) To demonstrate the role of carbon dioxide content of biogas on the synthesis gas production
2) To demonstrate the optimum operating condition to produce synthesis gas and green methanol from biogas
3) To model the eSMR process integration and simulate the power-to-methanol process in a steady state condition
4) To expand the utilization regime of biogas to chemicals through synthesis gas production.

Biofilms are an untapped source of biological material value and could prove vital in the development of a more circular economy. Millions of tons of Wastewater treatment biofilms are produced and then destroyed every year in costly processes. This project aims to valorize these biofilms by isolating Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) from them and use these for the development of new biomaterials. The objective is to investigate the composition of EPS as it has not yet been clearly defined in literature to comprehend its structure and properties by using novel solvents such as ionic liquids in analytical techniques.

Using techniques such as electrospinning and chemical reactions such as transesterification the aim of this project is to use EPS and take advantage of their emergent properties to develop fibers and bioplastics.

Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) has recently gained more attention as it has been recognized that citizens in developed countries spend approximately 90% of their time indoors. Thus the IAQ is an essential determinant of a healthy life and general well-being, especially due to increasing evidence linking adverse health effects, reduced learning, loss of productivity and general discomfort with exposure to indoor air pollutants.

This project therefore aims to provide a deeper understanding of the composition, sources and dynamics of indoor air pollution in indoor environments as well as to identify and develop the best strategies and technologies for detection and mitigation of hazardous indoor air pollution.

The project will have an increased focus on the indoor environments occupied by the youngest members of society (e.g. classrooms and day care facilities) as they have been proven to be especially susceptible towards low-quality air.

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) from wastewater are threatening human beings and receiving increasing attention all around the world. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and florfenicol are two typical POPs with strong resistance to conventional water treatment technologies. Superoxide radical (O2•‒) is a sort of nucleophile with immense chemical and environmental importance in POPs control.

This study will construct two kinds of O2•‒ generating systems, i.e., photocatalytic system and electrochemical system. For the photocatalytic system, Bi₂MoO₆/g-C₃N₄ nanocomposites will be synthesized for the oriented transfer of photogenerated electrons and holes to pursue high yield of O2•‒. The physical and chemical properties of these photocatalysts will be studied by various characterization methods. For the electrochemical system, we will carry out a systematic study on O2•‒ generated in electrochemical flow loop, where the key parameters will be optimized according to the formation of O2•‒. Further, we will use the two systems to mineralize three short-chain PFAS and florfenicol. The presence of O2•‒ will be investigated using electron spin resonance, and the quantities of O2•‒ will be determined by colorimetric method. The entire reaction pathways for POPs degradation by O2•‒ will be mapped.

It is expected that the study could shed new light on the elimination of POPs induced by O2•‒.

Renewable electricity sources are fully competitive to fossil-based ones and the major
challenge in completing the green transition is now energy storage. This includes batteries for stationary storage, where the estimated worldwide total installed capacity will increase from almost zero in 2019 to 100-450 GWh by 2030. Due to relatively high cost and environmental issues of state-of-the-art lithium ion (Li-ion) batteries there is a clear incentive to develop new environmental benign, low cost and long lifetime batteries.

This project will investigate the synthesis of quinone monomers having redox active properties. The synthesis will be carried out in a flow process and gradually strive towards automatic processing and later potentially autonomous synthesis. Subsequently, polymerisation of the quinone monomer will be performed, and a full characterisation will be conducted. Lastly, the quinone monomer and polymer will be applied in a battery test where the electrochemical and redox active properties will be characterised.

The overall goals of the UNIBAT project are to make significant advances within the research of novel aqueous batteries for stationary based on environmentally benign and low-cost materials and develop the foundation that enables upscaling of these post-project.

The majority of renewable energy comes in the form of (intermittent) electricity. One of the ways of storing the renewable energy is in the form of green NH₃. The PhD project aims to develop a technology for a decentralized synthesis of renewable ammonia, through a rational electrocatalyst synthesis and choice and design of local environment of the electrocatalyst.

In this project we will work on the development of an electrochemical process that could perhaps compete with conventional Haber-Bosch process at smaller scales.

The envisioned use can be storing electrical energy in ammonia and decentralized production of fertilizer feedstock.

The use of green NH3 fuel and zero carbon sources in synthesis processes is expected to play an important role in meeting national and international carbon reduction targets leading towards a zero-carbon future, including the 2015 Paris Agreement on Climate Change and the European Commission's Energy Roadmap 2050.

Today’s ammonia production consumes approximately 1.2% of the world’s energy supply. The climate benefit of a green production path is therefore immense. Ammonia is simultaneously showing promising results as a Power-to-X product with an energy density 70% higher than hydrogen.

It is believed that electrochemical synthesis of ammonia can prove a green alternative to the Haber-Bosch process, especially in smaller production plants. The electrochemical synthesis is well studies in theory but struggles to transfer into experimental results. This project aims to aid that transformation by looking into materials and the synthesis of electrodes and electrolytes.

The project is focused on increasing the fundamental understanding of long term (> years) chemical stability of liquid vanadium solutions in flow batteries. Because of the usage of the same solution in both half cells, vanadium cross-over in the stack has no damaging effect and Vanadium Flow Batteries (VFBs) are considered to have infinite lifetime. However, in practice there are three reversible mechanisms that can degrade the chemical integrity of VFBs and lead to capacity loss over time: (1) external oxidation, (2) vanadium/volumetric crossover and (3) temperature stability.

Through lab-scale proof-of concept, the goal is to quantify these mechanisms and develop new methods that would reverse the degradation. Additionally, in co-operation with VisBlue, the aim is to implement these methods in real battery systems.

Plastics originating from fossil fuels have long been a problem for our environment, and with the doomsday clock never closer to midnight, we need to find a way to employ renewable resources for plastic production. One possible way to do this is to use enzymes to transform sugars into valuable chemicals which will later be combined into a completely biobased polymer to replace PET.

The goal of my project is to establish an enzymatic cascade reaction for production of 2,5-furan-dicarboxylic acid (FDCA). FDCA, along with ethylene glycol made from sugar, can then be used to create polyethylene furanoate (PEF), a 100% biobased polymer, which could become a green alternative for everyday plastics. The reaction will be performed with enzymes attached to solid supports and placed in a rotating bed reactor. Another focus of the project is to perform the reaction without water using different organic solvents, and to examine their effect on reaction productivity.

This project is a collaboration between Aarhus University and the company SpinChem in Umeå, Sweden, and is part of the Horizon2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Innovative Training Network INTERfaces.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of man-made chemicals that have unique properties, such as amphiphilic nature, and thermodynamic, physical and biological stability. PFAS are detected in the environment globally and have adverse effects on human’s health. Since 2002, PFAS manufacturers started to replace long-chain PFAS with unregulated short-chain PFAS (typically with carbon number less than 7), which were consequently widely used but not fully investigated. Short-chain PFAS are already found in the environment (concentrations range from ng/L to µg/L). They are less adsorbable, are transported over longer distances in the environment and may persist longer in the environment and organisms. They may also have more serious adverse health effects, but this aspect has not been fully investigated yet. Our knowledge to efficiently remove short-chain PFAS contamination from wastewater to prevent adverse effects in humans and the environment still remains limited.

This project aims to investigate and enhance the potential of photo-catalysis to degrade short-chain PFAS by defluorination. Quantitate and qualitative analysis will be performed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography - high resolution mass spectrometry. In vitro bioassays will be used to investigate the removal of toxicity caused by PFAS and their transformation products.    

The worldwide release of persistent organic organic pollutants (POPs) has caused serious pollution to the water environment and thus endangered human and ecosystem health. To address this challenge, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have become a research hotspot in the field of water purification. Among them, Fenton catalytic oxidation can produce hydroxyl radicals (•OH) that will destroy the structure of organic pollutants without selectivity. However, most of the polyphase Fenton catalysts developed at present are doomed to have low activity, poor stability  and low utilization of oxidants under neutral conditions. Dual-reaction center is a new mechanism of Fenton-like process to avoid problems mentioned above by separating the oxidation and reduction sites.  In this project, we plan to prepare novel Fenton-like catalysts with dual-reaction center and combine with interfacial reaction to degrade POPs rapidly under ultra-low concentration of oxidants. Further, we hope to improve the degradation of pollutants under neural conditions by in-situ production of hydrogen peroxide on the surface of catalysts without adding oxidants.    

The instability and low solubility of ozone (O₃) molecule in liquid phase limit the effective contact between micropollutants and O₃/hydroxyl radicals (^•OH) in water. Thus, the uncompleted utilization of ozone molecule is largely prevalent in O₃-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). This project hopes to promote O₃ utilization by extending the O₃ retention time in the liquid phase and enhancing the contact between micropollutants and oxidants. In particular, we will synthesize a uniquely hydrophobic adsorbent with pine-needle-like hierarchical nanostructures that can simultaneously capture O₃ molecules and micropollutants. We will later load a catalyst on the surface of pre-prepared adsorbent to realize the efficient oxidative degradation of micropollutants on the surface of this composite. To investigate the performance of the prepared material, we will select herbicide glyphosate (Gly, N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine) as a model micropollutant and study the degradation pathway.    

This project focuses on understanding and interfering with the molecular events in allergic reactions. Allergy is a disease in which the immune system reacts to otherwise harmless triggers, allergens, from the environment. Central in the allergic reaction is the binding of IgE antibodies to these allergens. In allergic patients, the allergen-specific IgE antibodies are bound to high-affinity IgE receptors (FcεRI) and causes long-term sensitization of effector cells. Binding of allergens to these IgE/receptor complex leads to activation of the effector cells and triggers immediate allergic reactions and potentially anaphylaxis, which can have severe consequences for the patient.

In recent years, the concept of using single domain antibodies (nanobodies) as therapeutics has gained ground.

In this project, I will explore the potential of using nanobodies as inhibitors of allergic reactions. I will develop and characterize novel nanobodies and nanobody-based formats that inhibit the IgE/allergen interaction and thereby reduce the risk of anaphylaxis during allergen exposure.

  Using nanobody-based inhibitors for immunotherapy in allergic patients could potentially bypass existing long-term allergen immunotherapy concepts or establish new concepts for those allergies lacking immunotherapeutic options so far.    

This project is anchored within the research fields across the chemistry behind synthesis of fats, 3D printing manufacturing and food physics; particularly in design and synthesis of novel lipids/fats, programmable purification, modeling and application in 3D printing food. Fats or lipids are ubiquitously occurring in almost all organisms, not only as structural molecules for cell membranes, but also take on various biological functions. The project aims to develop and construct a library of structural different lipids with distinct characteristics, by establishing new efficient conditions and optimizing already established procedures for the synthesis of lipids. Incorporation of the designed lipids with other suitable ingredients will constitute the ink (“bioink”) in a new established 3D printing system. Computational modeling will have a central role to understand the chemistry and interactions between the actual constituents in the bio-ink and the direct dynamics with the materials of the 3D printer system. This is of major importance in order to design a robust system with efficient control and understanding of factors as reproducibility, mechanical strength, print speed and scalability etc. The ultimate goal of this project is to create product arrays of new lipid molecules with documented programmability and standardized protocols. It is to generate sufficient scientific knowledge and technology for building up a 3D printing platform for food applications.

Microbial electrosynthesis is a novel biotechnological process for the conversion of electricity and CO₂ into biofuels or other organic compounds. Microbial electrosynthesis could in the future contribute to the desired lowering of CO₂ emissions, while at the same time storing excess renewable energy and producing sustainable biochemicals.

Microbial electrosynthesis is carried out by acetogenic bacteria (e.g. Sporomusa ovata), which are capable of reducing CO₂ to organic compounds, using an electrode as the electron donor. One of the major obstacles that limits the rate of microbial electrosynthesis, and hence its upscaling beyond lab-scale, is the low number of cells that attach to the electrode. Currently, very little is known about attachment and biofilm formation by S. ovata. The goal of this project is to increase the cell numbers of S. ovata on the electrode, using two different strategies. First, natural biofilm formation will be stimulated and investigated. Second, artificial biofilms will be created by immobilizing cells in polymeric matrices. The different types of biofilm will be characterized using state-of-the art techniques (microsensors, confocal microscopy, etc.) and the effect of increased cell numbers on the electrode on microbial electrosynthesis rates will be investigated.